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Arunachal Himalaya is the part of Eastern Himalaya with high ethnic and cultural diversity. It shares 2.5% of the total geographical area of the country, 15.76% of Indian Himalayan region and 43.62% of the Biological Hotspot, Eastern Himalaya. Apatani is one of the major ethnic tribal groups of Arunachal Himalaya inhabiting eco-culturally valued zone in Ziro valley, sharing 2.26% population of the Arunachal Pradesh. The community has distinct traditional land use practices and rich traditional ecological knowledge of natural resources management and conservation, acquired over the centuries through informal experimentation. Forest based land use has been classified into 8 sub-types having a plot size of 0.096±0.006 to 8.602±0.385 ha and agriculture with 6 sub-types of a plot size between 0.015±0.001 to 0.098±0.007 ha. Richness of forest is maintained through traditional ecological knowledge by means of selective harvesting, as well as by conserving the potential, ritualistic and socio-culturally valued species. Ziro Valley, a fascinating piece of land comprises of about 33 km2 of cultivable areas out of 1058 km2 of plateau, undulated by small hillocks at an elevation of 1525 m msl to a mountains tract ranging from 1830 to 2900 m in altitude. Only a limited area has been brought under cultivation, whereby the rest is under settlement and forest cover, which signifies the ecologically equilibrium management practices. Resource conservation is not only confined to forestry but also to agriculture with high agro-biodiversity (16 and 4 landraces of rice and millet respectively), and strong sense of soil and water conservation practices through …