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Since cases presenting with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates represent a big sector in pulmonary practice and their diagnosis may be hard passing in many steps and may need a tissue evidence for sure diagnosis by lung sampling that usually obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) or surgery either open or by VATS (video assisted thoracoscopic surgery), but however TBLB usually offer small sized unrepresentable biopsies and surgical options are much more invasive. We investigated lung sampling by standard medical thoracoscopy as a tool for obtaining sizable biopsies and being less invasive than surgical options with a primary research question, is it safe and effective?

All cases in this study were subjected to thoracoscopic lung biopsy only after failed diagnosis by less invasive diagnostic facility (with data obtained from clinical examination,full history, laboratory diagnosis, spirometry …