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We aimed to compare the effects of protein to carbohydrate ratio and physical form in dairy on glucose homeostasis and food intake.

In a crossover design, 20 healthy males consumed 250 g of one of five treatments, plain yogurt, plain yogurt with honey, strawberry yogurt, skim milk or orange juice, as mid-morning snacks. Food intake was assessed 120 min later. Blood glucose, serum insulin and subjective satiety were measured pre- and post-meal.

Pre-meal glucose responses were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner to the increasing protein and decreasing sugars in dairy. Protein to carbohydrate ratio correlated negatively with pre-meal glucose due to improved efficacy of insulin action rather than to increased insulin concentrations. Compared with a carbohydrate beverage (orange juice), cumulative blood glucose was lower after dairy snacks but the effect was not …