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Prostaglandin E₂ produced endogenously (by cyclooxygenases) can regulate macrophage phagocytosis. Cyclooxygenase activity reduction (mainly through inhibition of inducible Cox-2) can induce PGE₂ synthesis depression and can activate the phagocytosis process. There are no reports in the literature explaining whether conjugated linoleic acid dienes (trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA) modify the phagocytic activity of human macrophages. For the purpose of this study, monocytes were isolated from venous blood, incubated for 7 days with 30 μM CLAs, and then (in some experiments) LPS (1 μg/mL) was added to the medium. Subsequently, monocyte/macrophage phagocytosis, NF-κB transcription factor activity, Cox-2 and PPARγ mRNA expression (and the amounts of Cox-2 and PPARγ proteins) and PGE₂ synthesis were determined. Both CLA isomers increased macrophage …