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In Uttar Pradesh, India, the genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were estimated between harvest index and other economic attributes in 15 promising genetic stocks of three cultivated rapeseed and mustard species. The data obtained revealed that improvement in economic yield in these Brassica species could be achieved through selection of the genotypes with high harvest index, high 1000-seed weight and a higher number of seeds per siliqua. Early maturing varieties with dwarf plant stature may be developed with high harvest index as well as high grain yield. The selection of the genotypes with broader and leathery leaves at later stage of plant development, though desirable for fodder production, are undesirable for improvement in seed yield. Economic yield was observed to be the major component contributing to the genetic variability in the harvest index. Authors' summary. KEYWORDS …