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Research using biofeedback as a treatment for sphincteric incontinence began with Kegel's early studies using a perineometer and pelvic muscle exercises demonstrating a 90% improvement in urine loss symptoms. More recent studies using varying combinations of biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercises found symptom reduction rates of 78% to 90%, but these studies lacked the rigor of a “phase three,” or randomized controlled clinical trial.

A randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy of biofeedback for older women for treatment of sphincteric incompetence. One hundred thirty-five community-dwelling women were randomized in a single-blind trial to three groups: biofeedback, pelvic muscle exercise, or control. Incontinent episodes were monitored over 8 weeks of treatment and at 3 and 6 months thereafter.

The number of …