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Despite the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’(ACIP) recommendations for routine vaccination of adolescents, vaccination coverage remains low for many adolescent vaccines, particularly the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine [1]. In 2018, 68.1% of adolescents aged 13–17 years had received≥ 1 dose of HPV vaccine, and only 51.1% were up to date with the HPV vaccine series, well below the Healthy People 2020 target of 80%[2, 3]. More efforts are needed to understand barriers to vaccination and improve coverage for all recommended vaccines in this population.

Low vaccine uptake can be attributed to various factors, including access issues such as vaccine availability, convenience, cost, and motivation [4]. Motivation refers to overlapping constructs of intention, willingness, acceptability, and hesitancy toward vaccines (eg, perceived risk of disease, confidence in vaccine effectiveness, safety …