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Micro‐magnetic resonance imaging (micro‐MRI) is potentially a widely available tool to image and quantify the three‐dimensional structure of trabecular bone. However, it has not been demonstrated that the same quantitative measurements can be obtained using micro‐MRI as would be obtained from conventional light microscope images. Bovine trabecular bone from several anatomic sites was imaged with both optical and micro‐MRI methods. The six faces of approximately cubic trabecular bone specimens were examined with the light microscope, and the volume of bone internal to these faces was then imaged using an 8.6 T 25 mm bore magnet. Three‐dimensional measures of bone morphology were calculated from both the optical and micro‐MR images using the method of directed secants. Quantitative measures from the two imaging methods were compared by paired f‐tests. Volume fractions (BV …