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In the current study, we reported green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles (NiONPs) using Geranium wallichianum as both reducing and capping agent. The formation, morphology, crystalline structure, elemental composition, surface charge and stability were studied using different characterization techniques; x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR, Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV spectroscopy which confirmed the synthesis of pure NiONPs (∼ 21 nm). Detailed in vitro biological activities have revealed significant therapeutic potentials for NiONPs. Strong antifungal and antibacterial activities are reported for NiONPs. NiONPs have shown potential cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells (IC 50: 37.84 μg ml− 1). Moderate antileishmanial activities against Leishmania tropica (KMH 23 …