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Diel periodicity in sound production of estuarine fishes was documented in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, from 7 May to 10 June 2003. A long-term acoustic recording system was used to record 10 s of sound every 10 min within the frequency range of 0-1,250 Hz. Diel patterns in fish sound production were well defined throughout the study period. Chorusing events dominated by sand seatrout Cynoscion arenarius reached a mean daily (24-h period) maximum sound pressure level of 117 dB relative to a reference effective pressure of 1 μPa. Mean daily chorus start and end times were 1726 and 0210 hours Eastern Standard Time, respectively, and chorus events lasted an average of 8.7 h. Other species recorded on most nights included the Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta, spotted seatrout C. nebulosus, and silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura. The results from this study demonstrate how this technology can be scaled to …