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PM_2.5 pollution has emerged as a global human health risk. The best measure of its impact is a population’s PM_2.5 exposure (PPM_2.5E), an index that simultaneously considers PM_2.5 concentrations and population spatial density. The spatiotemporal variation of PPM_2.5E over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, which is the national capital region of China, was investigated using a Bayesian space-time model, and the influence patterns of the anthropic and geographical factors were identified using the GeoDetector model and Pearson correlation analysis. The spatial pattern of PPM_2.5E maintained a stable structure over the BTH region’s distinct terrain, which has been described as “high in the northwest, low in the southeast”. The spatial difference of PPM_2.5E intensified annually. An overall increase of 6.192 (95% CI 6.186, 6.203) ×10³ μg/m³ ∙ persons/km² per year occurred over the BTH region from …