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To explore the immunological roles of dietary fiber, male 4-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 2 wk cellulose (water-insoluble), konjak mannan (water-soluble), pectin (water-soluble) or chitosan (acid-soluble) at 5 g/100 g diet. Serum IgE concentrations in rats fed konjak mannan, pectin and chitosan were significantly lower than in those fed cellulose (mean ± SEM: 5.0 ± 1.1, 3.6 ± 1.3, 3.0 ± 1.2 and 9.6 ± 1.9 μg/L, respectively). Rats fed pectin had significantly higher serum IgA and IgG concentrations (358 ± 38 and 424 ± 36 mg/L for IgA and IgG, respectively) than those fed cellulose (240 ± 31 and 337 ± 25 mg/L) or chitosan (176 ± 22 and 379 ± 23 mg/L), while the IgM concentration did not differ among the groups. Concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes generally were greater, while IgE concentration was lower, in rats fed pectin and chitosan than in those fed cellulose …