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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the association of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds may be beneficial in treatment of patients with abacterial prostatovesiculoepididymitis (PVE) and elevated seminal leukocyte concentrations. DESIGN: Open, prospective, random study. SETTING: Academic research environment. PATIENT(S): Ninety-eight patients with PVE who had increased seminal leukocyte concentrations (>1 × 10⁶ cells/mL). INTERVENTION(S): Carnitines (group A; n = 30) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (group B; n = 16) for 4 months; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 months, followed by treatment with carnitines for 2 months (group C; n = 26); or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment given concomitantly with carnitines (group D; n = 26) for 4 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen variables, production of reactive oxygen species, and pregnancy outcome were …