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Studies on biochar application in agriculture are broad, but the effects are variable and depend on the type of plant, biochar properties, and application rate, as well as some soil characteristics and environmental conditions. This study aimed to assess the effect of applying different doses of biochar with two particle sizes on the physical and chemical characteristics of a Typic Haplustox, sandy loam, and on the growth and physiological characters of maize plants, under two soil moisture conditions. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, using two biochar particle sizes (2.0−0.5 and < 0.5 mm), at six doses (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 g kg⁻¹) and two water conditions (with and without drought stress). The plant characters assessed were height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weight, and nutritional status. Leaf relative water content, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were evaluated under …