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Circulating microRNAs are promising biomarkers as they can be found in a variety of body fluids and can be non-invasively or minimally invasively obtained. The profile of circulating microRNAs reflects the presence of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Recently, plasma miR-181b-5p was found to be upregulated in acute myeloid leukaemia patients. In addition, it was associated with shorter overall survival. The aim of our study was to determine the relative expression pattern of plasma miR-181b-5p through paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment to evaluate its possible role in minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. Peripheral blood was obtained from 11 paediatric pre-B ALL patients with normal karyotype at four different time points of their treatment: on day 1 at diagnosis, and on days 8, 15 and 33. The preparation of platelet-free plasma from blood samples was …