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Limited treatment options are available for stage IIIB/IV non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nivolumab, a programmed cell death‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, has been shown to be effective for the treatment of NSCLC. The present study investigated the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in Japanese patients with advanced or recurrent squamous NSCLC that progressed after platinum‐containing chemotherapy. In this multicenter phase II study, patients were treated with nivolumab (3 mg/kg, i.v.) every 2 weeks until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity was seen. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) assessed by independent radiology review committee (IRC) and secondary endpoints included a study site‐assessed ORR, overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), duration of response, time to response, best overall response (BOR), and safety. The study included …