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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of dementia. Whether the use of direct oral anticoagulats (DOAC) is associated with lower risk of dementia compared to vitamin-K antagonist (VKA) is unclear.

The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of new all-cause dementia and vascular dementia in AF patients, treated with either DOAC or VKAs.

Anonymized electronic medical records from the TriNetX federated research network were used. AF patients treated with DOACs within 1 month of AF diagnosis, were 1:1 propensity score- matched with those treated with a VKA. Patients were followed up to 10 years for all-cause dementia and vascular dementia. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR), respectively with 95% confidence …