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Breast Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) occurs in a younger age group of patients and is more aggressive than in Europe and North America. Little is known about the presence of immune infiltration and clinico-pathologic correlates in patients from the MENA region. Immune infiltration of most solid tumors carries a prognostic role. Adaptive immune cells and cytotoxic T-cells, in particular, play a positive prognostic role in patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Therefore, our preliminary study was aimed to identify and quantify the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (CD8⁺, CD45RO⁺, and CD3⁺) in invasive breast cancer patients from Sudan. Additionally, TIL was correlated with patients’ clinico-pathological characteristics.

Forty-three archival Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded samples …