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Aim of the study: Newborns from multiple pregnancies are increasing in number and demonstrate a higher perinatal morbidity and mortality compared to singletons. Prematurity is the main reason for most neonatal diseases in twins, but other variables may play a role and their prenatal evaluation may improve the overall outcome. Main findings: Prematurity is six times more frequent in twins and therefore birth weight is significantly lower compared to singletons. Thus, twins are more exposed to prematurity related diseases (respiratory, cardiovascular, infectious, etc.) and to long-term complications (especially neurological disabilities). Results: It is very difficult to estimate the increased risk of neonatal morbidity related to twinning independently to the increased risk of prematurity and therefore to interpret data on morbidity rates, in particular regarding the neurodevelopmental outcome. Conclusion: Prevention of …