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Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world. Since vaccination is unaffordable to many, it is important to understand the factors that cause low screening uptake among women in India. These could be health system related challenges to implement screening, or those that influence women to uptake screening including low health literacy or lack of support from partners. Psychological theories explain human behaviour related to screening uptake. The aim of this thesis is to explore the determinants of screening uptake by (1) Understanding the application of health behaviour theories in cervical cancer screening uptake,(2) Exploring the health system related challenges of screening implementation across India (3) Exploring the determinants of cervical cancer screening intention among women and intention to screen partners among men, utilizing the health behaviour theories while considering the role of health literacy. A systematic review studied the application of health behaviour theories in cervical cancer screening uptake. Qualitative studies investigated the prevailing health-system challenges to implement screening and individual barriers to uptake screening. A survey confirmed the application of psychological theories to explore determinants of cervical cancer screening intention among individuals. Health behaviour theories are useful to explore barriers that are mostly modifiable. Inadequate capacities, guidelines and resource-utilization are the health system challenges to implementation and poor knowledge or awareness about disease and screening, anxiety, embarrassment, lack of …