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The percentage of compliant continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-treated apnoeic patients that continue to experience residual excessive sleepiness (RES) is unknown.

RES was defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of ≥11. In total, 502 patients from 37 French sleep centres using CPAP >3 h·night⁻¹ attending their 1-yr follow-up visit were eligible.

ESS and polysomnographic data as well as symptoms, quality of life, depression scores and objective CPAP compliance at 1 yr were collected. Overall, 60 patients remained sleepy on CPAP (ESS 14.3±2.5) leading to a prevalence rate of RES of 12.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.1–14.8). After having excluded associated restless leg syndrome, major depressive disorder and narcolepsy as confounding causes, the final prevalence rate of RES was 6.0% (95% CI 3.9–8.01). Patients with RES were younger and more sleepy at …