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Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics belong to a group of bone substitute biomaterials that consist of an intimate mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Ca₃(PO₄)₂, of varying HA/β-TCP ratios. BCP is obtained when a synthetic or biologic calcium-deficient apatite is sintered at temperatures at and above 700 °C. Calcium deficiency depends on the method of preparation (precipitation, hydrolysis or mechanical mixture) including reaction pH and temperature. The HA/β-TCP ratio is determined by the calcium deficiency of the unsintered apatite (the higher the deficiency, the lower the ratio) and the sintering temperature. Properties of BCP bioceramics relating to their medical applications include: macroporosity, microporosity, compressive strength, bioreactivity (associated with formation of carbonate hydroxyapatite on ceramic surfaces in vitro and …