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SEMINAR that have resulted in different interpretations of a core deficit, but in the context of a general theory of attention these differences maybe primarily semantic. 11 The ratio of boys to girls with ADHD/HKD is between 3: 1 and 9: 1 but this may decrease with age. Part of the difference between sexes may be referral bias related to symptoms of disruptive behaviour since boys have more hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and more conduct and oppositional symptoms than girls. Referral biases in clinical studies are also related to the professional expertise of the therapist and this bias may account for the wide variation in the percentage of ADHD and HKD cases with other common disorders of childhood deemed to have separate aetiologies (eg, learning disabilities and tics). 12 Follow-up studies of children diagnosed with ADHD or HKD have shown that although hyperactive/impulsive symptoms decrease with …