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Neuroscience is the study of the brain and its impact on behavior and cognitive functions. Computational neuroscience is the subfield that deals with the study of the ability of the brain to think and compute. It also analyzes various electrical and chemical signals that take place in the brain to represent and process the information. In this chapter, a special focus will be given on the processing of signals by the brain to solve the problems. In the second section of the chapter, the role of graph theory is discussed to analyze the pattern of neurons. Graph-based analysis reveals meaningful information about the topological architecture of human brain networks. The graph-based analysis also discloses the networks in which most nodes are not neighbors of each other but can be reached from every other node by a small number of steps. In the end, it is concluded that by using the various operations of graph theory, the …