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Due to the potential for deploying distributed generation, improving energy efficiency and adopting sustainable energy-related practices, consumers provide significant value in the energy sector transformation. If their interests and goals are similar, they can group together and form energy communities. Energy communities enable consumers to jointly pursue their individual and collective economic, environmental and social goals, while simultaneously contributing to the decarbonisation of the energy system. Considering the growing interest in this field, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of the social arrangements, the technical designs and the impacts of energy communities. The social arrangements of energy communities are discussed in relation to the different actors, their roles and interactions. Then, the paper reviews the technical aspects of designing various local energy systems, while taking …