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The asexual, non-zygotic (somatic) embryogenesis was reported over 60 years ago. It is a unique process in which somatic cell transforms into embryo in cultured condition affirming cellular totipotency. Since its first report, somatic embryogenesis has been noted in different plant genera of a dicot, monocot, and lower fern groups. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made in describing somatic embryogenesis and its current status in periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus—an immensely important medicinal plant. The plant has anticancerous properties, the yield of alkaloids specific to this disease is however low and needs enrichment. The early embryogenic cells could serve as an important tissue for generating new cell lines with improved yield and related traits. Here, the influence of explants, the involvement of plant growth regulators, and the role of other regulating factors in establishing Catharanthus …