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When herbarium collections representing c. 100 genera of grasses were assessed, 22 spp. (9 genera) contained typical endophytic mycelium. Of these Melica decumbens and Stipa robusta are reported as being toxic to cattle. Field studies suggest that both choke-inducing and non-choke-inducing forms are common in grasses. Most isolates are referable to Acremonium section albo-lanosa; however, sterility of the S. robusta isolate prevents definite classification.