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The present study focused on facile and eco-friendly fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Tecoma castanifolia leaf extract. The UV–vis spectroscopy and TEM analysis confirmed that the phytofabricated CuO NPs are spherical and the size less than 100 nm. FTIR analysis explained that functional groups of phytochemicals in leaf extract and CuO were present in the CuO NPs. Phytofabricated CuO NPs exhibits efficient catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) within 14 min and reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with the apparent rate constant (k_app) of 0.18 min⁻¹. Environmentally benign CuO NPs synthesized by T. castanifolia leaf extract enhances catalytic reduction and CuO NPs based catalysis may be useful in industrial production of 4-AP. CuO NPs showed better antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The bactericidal …