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National data on pneumonia and influenza (P&I) morbidity is lacking for the U.S. nursing home (NH) population. Our primary objective was to determine the incidence of hospitalization due to P&I.

This retrospective cohort used nursing home Minimum Data Set clinical assessments and Medicare claims for U.S. nursing home residents. Any resident who stayed in a nursing home from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2015 was included and classified as short-stay or long-stay (≥100 days in the home). Residents <65 years old or enrolled in an HMO plan were excluded. Hospitalizations due to P&I were identified in the first position on Part A claims (ICD9 diagnoses 480.xx–488.xx). Outcomes were reported for 2013–2014, to allow 1-year forward evaluation.

The study cohort comprised 4.2 million NH residents with 2.9 (69 …