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In a study initiated in 2020, we recruited nursing home (NH) residents and collected blood samples serially after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. While sex differences in vaccine-induced immune response have been previously observed, similar vaccine efficacy across sex groups was reported for Moderna and Pfizer mRNA vaccines. Sex differences in immune response may diminish in very late life, so we sought to compare immune response to mRNA primary series and monovalent and bivalent boosters in NH residents, a frail elderly population.

We analyzed anti-Spike antibodies and neutralizing titers to Wuhan strain for sex differences in immune response following primary series and subsequent booster doses. We summarized demographics and infection history of NH subjects with available sample data at each vaccine dose. Omicron BA.5 assays were …