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We present 5‐year (2001–2005) monthly mean estimates of direct radiative effects (DRE) due to aerosols over Kanpur region in the Indo‐Gangetic basin for the first time. Further, the monthly and annual heterogeneity of aerosol DRE has been evaluated on the basis of the anthropogenic and natural aerosol contribution. An optically equivalent model has been formulated on the basis of the surface measurements, altitude profiles of aerosol properties in conjunction with remotely retrieved aerosol parameters, and the optical properties are used to estimate the aerosol DRE at the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA), surface and atmosphere in the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) region. Water‐solubles, black carbon (BC), and dust in fine (dust_f) and coarse (dust_c) mode are considered to be the main aerosol components on the basis of the chemical composition measurements. Anthropogenic components (scattering water …