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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether overweight and obesity are related to changes in serum sex hormone concentrations and semen quality. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Data from five previous population-based environmental studies of semen quality were combined into one database at a university hospital in Denmark. PATIENT(S): In total, 2,139 men provided data to the database. INTERVENTION(S): Data on semen and blood samples and information on lifestyle and reproductive factors, including body mass index (BMI), were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen quality (volume, concentration, total sperm count, and motility) and serum concentration of sex hormones. RESULT(S): The T and inhibin B serum concentrations were 25%–32% lower in obese men in comparison with normal-weight men, whereas the E₂ concentration was 6% higher in obese men. Overweight men (BMI, 25 …