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Background:

Factors associated with neonatal sepsis, an important cause of child mortality, are poorly described in Africa. We characterized factors associated with early-onset (days 0–2 of life) and late-onset (days 3–28) sepsis and perinatal death among infants enrolled in the Prevention of Perinatal Sepsis Trial (NCT00136370 at ClinicalTrials. gov), Soweto, South Africa.

Methods:

Secondary analysis of 8011 enrolled mothers and their neonates. Prenatal and labor records were abstracted and neonatal wards were monitored for hospitalized Prevention of Perinatal Sepsis–enrolled neonates. Endpoint definitions required clinical and laboratory signs. All univariate factors associated with endpoints at P< 0.15 were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

About 10.5%(837/8011) of women received intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis; 3.8% of enrolled versus 15% of hospital births were preterm. Among …