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Among amphibians, the ability to compensate for the effects of temperature on the locomotor system by thermal acclimation has only been reported in larvae of a single species of anuran. All other analyses have examined predominantly terrestrial adult life stages of amphibians and found no evidence of thermal acclimatory capacity. We examined the ability of both tadpoles and adults of the fully aquatic amphibian Xenopus laevis to acclimate their locomotor system to different temperatures. Tadpoles were acclimated to either 12 °C or 30 °C for 4 weeks and their burst swimming performance was assessed at four temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C. Adult X. laevis were acclimated to either 10 °C or 25 °C for 6 weeks and their burst swimming performance and isolated muscle performance was determined at six temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C. Maximum swimming performance of cold …