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To test whether, in comparison to usual care, brief motivational or reduction interventions increase quit attempts (QA) or abstinence among smokers who are not ready to quit.

A parallel‐group randomized controlled trial of brief motivational (n = 185), reduction (n = 186) or usual care (n = 189) telephone interventions delivered over the course of 4 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. No medication was provided.

United States.

A total of 560 adult smokers of ≥ 10 cigarettes per day who were not ready to quit in the next 30 days.

The primary outcomes were whether participants made a QA that lasted ≥ 24 hours and whether they made a QA of any length between baseline and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence at 6 and 12 months. The 12‐month follow‐up was added after the study began …