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Numerous studies have examined the association of air pollution with preterm birth and birth weight outcomes. Traffic-related air pollution has also increasingly been identified as an important contributor to adverse health effects of air pollution. We employed a national nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) exposure model to examine the association between NO₂ and pregnancy outcomes in Canada between 1999 and 2008. National models for NO₂ (and particulate matter of median aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM_2.5) as a covariate) were developed using ground-based monitoring data, estimates from remote-sensing, land use variables and, for NO₂, deterministic gradients relative to road traffic sources. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations with preterm birth, term low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and term birth weight, adjusting for covariates including infant sex …