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The association between daytime napping and cognition is not well-studied in older adults. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-reported afternoon nap duration and change in cognition after 2-year follow-up in Chinese older adults.

A total of 3,037 individuals aged 60 years and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study baseline and 2-year follow-up were included. Overall cognition was assessed by three interview-based sub-measures of orientation to time and attention, episodic memory, and visuospatial abilities. Change scores in cognition were calculated within subjects as follow-up minus baseline levels. Based on self-reported nap duration, older adults were grouped into: (i) Non-nappers (0 minutes); (ii) Short nappers (<30 minutes); (iii) Moderate nappers (30–90 minutes); and (iv) Extended nappers (>90 …