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Single‐modality radiotherapy is considered a standard‐of‐care option for certain stage III, T1‐2N1 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The role of concomitant chemoradiation is not well established because there have been no studies comparing chemoradiation with radiation alone in this population.

This study analyzed patients in the National Cancer Data Base with cT1‐2N1M0 invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 and were undergoing definitive radiation. Patients who were undergoing surgery before radiation with unknown follow‐up or for whom either the receipt or timing of chemotherapy was unknown were excluded.

In all, 5030 patients with T1‐2N1 oropharyngeal, laryngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancer were included. The median follow‐up was 56.8 months …