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Schizosaccharomyces pombe rho1 ⁺ andrho2 ⁺ genes are involved in the control of cell morphogenesis, cell integrity, and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. Although both GTPases interact with each of the twoS. pombe protein kinase C homologues, Pck1p and Pck2p, their functions are distinct from each other. It is known that Rho1p regulates (1,3)β-d-glucan synthesis both directly and through Pck2p. In this paper, we have investigated Rho2p signaling and show that pck2Δ andrho2Δ strains display similar defects with regard to cell wall integrity, indicating that they might be in the same signaling pathway. We also show that Rho2 GTPase regulates the synthesis of α-d-glucan, the other main structural polymer of the S. pombe cell wall, primarily through Pck2p. Although overexpression of rho2 ⁺ in wild-type or pck1Δ cells is lethal and causes morphological alterations, actin depolarization, and an increase in α …