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In this study we investigated the effect of prolonged water shortage in the cambial region of two poplar clones, Dvina (Populus deltoides) and I-214 (Populus x canadensis) that differ in their response to water deficit. For this purpose we monitored growth parameters in Dvina and I-214 plants under well-watered and water-stress conditions and after rewatering and analyzed the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline and the expression level of genes coding for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; glutathione reductase, GR) and metallothioneins (MT) by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Water deficit resulted in a significant increase of osmotically active solutes in both clones. No significant increase of MDA level was observed in Dvina, whereas a significant enhancement of lipid peroxidation was detected in I-214, in which also a …