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Suppressor of cytokine signalling‐3 (SOCS‐3) has been implicated in the onset of insulin resistance in non‐muscle tissue. Thus, we examined the effects of exercise training on SOCS‐3 expression and the potential role of SOCS‐3 in muscle. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats (5–8 months) were treadmill trained for 12 weeks and the muscles were removed 24 h after the last bout of exercise. Exercise training increased SOCS‐3 mRNA expression by 80% and 154% in the plantaris and soleus muscle, respectively. To mimic the effects of increased SOCS‐3 expression, SOCS‐3 cDNA was cotransfected with a NF‐kappa B (NF‐κB) luciferase construct into cultured C2C12 myotubes. SOCS‐3 overexpression increased NF‐κB transcriptional activity by 27‐fold. The proximal region of the IL‐6 gene promoter contains a NF‐κB consensus site, which contributes to increased IL‐6 expression in various tissues. SOCS‐3 cDNA …