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The present era is seeking our attention on the dilemma caused by the contamination of the aquatic system with chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). Amid Ni and Cr oxidation states, hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)) and divalent Ni (Ni(II)) often found in the contaminated water body with prominent toxicity on flora and fauna. The negative consequences of the Cr and Ni are strongly connected with human health. The effluents discharged by ventures such as plating, tannery, battery, mining, coloring, material, paint, metal processing etc. industries also bring Cr and Ni into the water body. The removal of Cr and Ni from waste/industrial water faced the difficulties owing to inappropriate selection of technologies in aspects of cost, technique, efficiency and sustainability. Thus, in this review we discussed the chemistry and toxicity of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) and have bring together all the possible methods that can be effectively exploited for the …