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Background Across several sites in the United States, we examined whether kindergarten conduct problems among mostly population‐representative samples of children were associated with increased criminal and related (criminal+ lost offender productivity+ victim; described as criminal+ victim hereafter) costs across adolescence and adulthood, as well as government and medical services costs in adulthood. Methods Participants (N= 1,339) were from two multisite longitudinal studies: Fast Track (n= 754) and the Child Development Project (n= 585). Parents and teachers reported on kindergarten conduct problems, administrative and national database records yielded indexes of criminal offending, and participants self‐reported their government and medical service use. Outcomes were assigned costs, and significant associations were adjusted for inflation to determine USD 2020 costs. Results A 1 SD increase …