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This study was undertaken to identify rodents infected with Leishmania in Fasa town, Fars Province, Southern Iran. From April 2004 to April 2005, a total of 17 rodents were collected in live traps in the area. Microscopical examination of stained tissue smears and the culture of tissue samples, PCR, isoenzyme electrophoresis and morphological review were used for detection of the parasite. The captured rodents were 10 Rathus rathus and 7 Tatera indica. One male T. indica was infected with L. major in Zahedshahr District of Fasa town. In histological and ultrastructural studies, numerous clusters of amastigotes were seen in the foamy macrophages of bone marrow of the femoral bone. We can conclude that T. indica is one of the rodents that may be a potential reservoir host of L. major in the region and femoral bone marrow is morphologically the tissue of choice to confirm the presence of macrophages …