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The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an extraembryonic membrane that is commonly used in vivo to study both angiogenesis and anti‐angiogenesis. This review 1) summarizes the current knowledge about the structure of the CAM's capillary bed; 2) discusses the controversy about the existence of a single blood sinus or a capillary plexus underlying the chorionic epithelium; 3) describes a new model of the CAM vascular growth, namely the intussusceptive mode; 4) reports findings regarding the role played by endogenous fibroblast growth factor‐2 in CAM vascularization; and 5) addresses the use and limitations of the CAM as a model for studying angiogenesis and anti‐angiogenesis. Anat Rec 264:317–324, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.