作者
Narendra K Arora, MKC Nair, Sheffali Gulati, Vaishali Deshmukh, Archisman Mohapatra, Devendra Mishra, Vikram Patel, Ravindra M Pandey, Bhagabati C Das, Gauri Divan, GVS Murthy, Thakur D Sharma, Savita Sapra, Satinder Aneja, Monica Juneja, Sunanda K Reddy, Praveen Suman, Sharmila B Mukherjee, Rajib Dasgupta, Poma Tudu, Manoja K Das, Vinod K Bhutani, Maureen S Durkin, Jennifer Pinto-Martin, Donald H Silberberg, Rajesh Sagar, Faruqueuddin Ahmed, Nandita Babu, Sandeep Bavdekar, Vijay Chandra, Zia Chaudhuri, Tanuj Dada, Rashna Dass, M Gourie-Devi, S Remadevi, Jagdish C Gupta, Kumud K Handa, Veena Kalra, Sunil Karande, Ramesh Konanki, Madhuri Kulkarni, Rashmi Kumar, Arti Maria, Muneer A Masoodi, Manju Mehta, Santosh Kumar Mohanty, Harikumaran Nair, Poonam Natarajan, AK Niswade, Atul Prasad, Sanjay K Rai, Paul SS Russell, Rohit Saxena, Shobha Sharma, Arun K Singh, Gautam B Singh, Leena Sumaraj, Saradha Suresh, Alok Thakar, Sujatha Parthasarathy, Bhadresh Vyas, Ansuman Panigrahi, Munish K Saroch, Rajan Shukla, KV Raghava Rao, Maria P Silveira, Samiksha Singh, Vivek Vajaratkar
发表日期
2018/7/24
期刊
PLoS medicine
卷号
15
期号
7
页码范围
e1002615
出版商
Public Library of Science
简介
Background
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compromise the development and attainment of full social and economic potential at individual, family, community, and country levels. Paucity of data on NDDs slows down policy and programmatic action in most developing countries despite perceived high burden.
Methods and findings
We assessed 3,964 children (with almost equal number of boys and girls distributed in 2–<6 and 6–9 year age categories) identified from five geographically diverse populations in India using cluster sampling technique (probability proportionate to population size). These were from the North-Central, i.e., Palwal (N = 998; all rural, 16.4% non-Hindu, 25.3% from scheduled caste/tribe [SC-ST] [these are considered underserved communities who are eligible for affirmative action]); North, i.e., Kangra (N = 997; 91.6% rural, 3.7% non-Hindu, 25.3% SC-ST); East, i.e., Dhenkanal (N = 981; 89.8% rural, 1.2% non-Hindu, 38.0% SC-ST); South, i.e., Hyderabad (N = 495; all urban, 25.7% non-Hindu, 27.3% SC-ST) and West, i.e., North Goa (N = 493; 68.0% rural, 11.4% non-Hindu, 18.5% SC-ST). All children were assessed for vision impairment (VI), epilepsy (Epi), neuromotor impairments including cerebral palsy (NMI-CP), hearing impairment (HI), speech and language disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and intellectual disability (ID). Furthermore, 6–9-year-old children were also assessed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disorders (LDs). We standardized sample characteristics as per Census of India 2011 to arrive at district level and all-sites-pooled estimates. Site-specific …
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NK Arora, MKC Nair, S Gulati, V Deshmukh… - PLoS medicine, 2018