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An ideal forward osmosis (FO) membrane module for osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) application would have high packing density, low reverse solute flux and low fouling propensity. Recently, an outer-selective hollow fiber forward osmosis (HFFO) membrane has been developed to simultaneously improve packing density and reduce fouling propensity. However, a high reverse solute flux of the HFFO membrane still generates a salinity build-up in the reactor and remains the main challenge of this technology. To tackle this problem, we successfully improved the selectivity of an outer-selective HFFO membrane by incorporating a prior developed formulation based on Pluronic® nanostructures containing water selective proteins into the active layer of the membrane. The assimilation of these nanostructures in the membrane resulted in a significant decrease of the specific reverse solute flux from 0.36 ± 0.01 …