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We applied the transcontextual model (TCM) to examine the effects of middle school students’ perceived autonomy support from their physical education (PE) teachers on autonomous motivation toward PE in school and, critically, autonomous motivation toward, and actual participation in, leisuretime physical activity (PA). The research adopted a threewave prospective design enabling the modeling of change in the TCM constructs over time. Middle school students (N = 248) aged from 12 to 16 years reported their perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation in PE, autonomous motivation toward leisuretime PA, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intentions for PA in leisuretime, and leisuretime PA participation. The psychological constructs and leisuretime PA were measured at baseline (T0) and at a first followup occasion (T1) 5 weeks later. Another measure of PA …