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Epithelial cells in the bronchiolar airways of the adult mouse lung are quiescent and fulfil specialised functions in the steady state, with club cells undergoing stochastic activation to effect normal homeostatic maintenance. Repair following injury involves proliferation of remaining club cells or other recruited progenitor cell types, depending on the type and extent of injury, leading to regeneration or remodelling. In some cases, there is evidence that some distal airway epithelial progenitor cell types can contribute to either repair or remodelling of injured alveolar epithelium. In this chapter, we discuss what is known of epithelial progenitor cell types that contribute to homeostatic maintenance or repair/remodelling of the distal airway and alveolar zone, and signalling pathways that regulate the behaviour and fate of progenitor cells and their progeny.