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This work aimed to explore the changes in the bacterial community composition of soil contaminated with high concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) treated by biostimulation with sugarcane bagasse. Non-sterilized soil samples were spiked with transformer oil contaminated with PCB 18, 52, 66, 87,101, 110, 153, 180, and 187. The biostimulation experiment was performed by mixing non-sterilized PCB-contaminated soil with sterilized sugarcane bagasse and incubating the mixture 90 d in darkness at 25 ± 1 °C. The results showed that percentage removal of 88 % was similar for all PCB congeners in biostimulated soil, independently of their degree of chlorination, and it was accompanied by a significant change in bacterial community composition. Relative abundance of the bacterial communities at the phylum level in biostimulation treatment showed they were conquered by Proteobacteria and …